001/* 002 * Units of Measurement Systems for Java 003 * Copyright (c) 2005-2017, Jean-Marie Dautelle, Werner Keil, V2COM. 004 * 005 * All rights reserved. 006 * 007 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 008 * 009 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 010 * 011 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 012 * 013 * 3. Neither the name of JSR-363, Units of Measurement nor the names of their contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 014 * 015 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 016 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 017 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 018 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 019 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 020 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; 021 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED 022 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 023 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, 024 * EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 025 */ 026package systems.uom.common; 027 028import static tec.uom.se.unit.MetricPrefix.MICRO; 029import static si.uom.SI.*; 030 031import tec.uom.se.AbstractSystemOfUnits; 032import tec.uom.se.AbstractUnit; 033import tec.uom.se.format.SimpleUnitFormat; 034import tec.uom.se.function.RationalConverter; 035import tec.uom.se.unit.ProductUnit; 036import tec.uom.se.unit.TransformedUnit; 037 038import javax.measure.Unit; 039import javax.measure.quantity.Angle; 040import javax.measure.quantity.Area; 041 042import javax.measure.quantity.Energy; 043import javax.measure.quantity.Length; 044import javax.measure.quantity.Mass; 045import javax.measure.quantity.Power; 046import javax.measure.quantity.Temperature; 047import javax.measure.quantity.Time; 048import javax.measure.quantity.Speed; 049import javax.measure.quantity.Volume; 050import javax.measure.spi.SystemOfUnits; 051 052/** 053 * <p> 054 * This class contains units from the United States customary system. 055 * </p> 056 * <p> 057 * 058 * @noextend This class is not intended to be extended by clients. 059 * 060 * @author <a href="mailto:jean-marie@dautelle.com">Jean-Marie Dautelle</a> 061 * @author <a href="mailto:units@catmedia.us">Werner Keil</a> 062 * @version 1.26, $Date: 2017-03-04 $ 063 * @see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_units"> 064 * Wikipedia: United States Customary Units</a> 065 * @see <a href= 066 * "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems"> 067 * @since 0.3 068 */ 069public final class USCustomary extends AbstractSystemOfUnits { 070 private static final String SYSTEM_NAME = "United States Customary Units"; 071 072 /** 073 * Default constructor (prevents this class from being instantiated). 074 */ 075 private USCustomary() { 076 } 077 078 /** 079 * Returns the unique instance of this class. 080 * 081 * @return the USCustomary instance. 082 */ 083 public static SystemOfUnits getInstance() { 084 return INSTANCE; 085 } 086 087 private static final USCustomary INSTANCE = new USCustomary(); 088 089 //////////// 090 // Length // 091 //////////// 092 /** 093 * US name for {@link SI#METRE}. 094 */ 095 public static final Unit<Length> METER = addUnit(METRE); 096 097 /** 098 * A unit of length equal to <code>0.3048 m</code> (standard name 099 * <code>ft</code>). 100 */ 101 public static final Unit<Length> FOOT = addUnit(METER.multiply(3048).divide(10000), "Foot", "ft"); 102 103 /** 104 * A unit of length equal to <code>1200/3937 m</code> (standard name 105 * <code>foot_survey_us</code>). See also: 106 * <a href="http://www.sizes.com/units/foot.htm">foot</a> 107 */ 108 public static final Unit<Length> FOOT_SURVEY = addUnit(METER.multiply(1200).divide(3937), "US Survey foot", 109 "ft_survey_us"); 110 111 /** 112 * A unit of length equal to <code>0.9144 m</code> (standard name 113 * <code>yd</code>). 114 */ 115 public static final Unit<Length> YARD = addUnit(FOOT.multiply(3), "Yard", "yd"); 116 117 /** 118 * A unit of length equal to <code>0.0254 m</code> (standard name 119 * <code>in</code>). 120 */ 121 public static final Unit<Length> INCH = addUnit(FOOT.divide(12), "Inch", "in", true); 122 123 /** 124 * A unit of length equal to <code>1609.344 m</code> (standard name 125 * <code>mi</code>). 126 */ 127 public static final Unit<Length> MILE = addUnit(METER.multiply(1609344).divide(1000), "Mile", "mi"); 128 129 /** 130 * A unit of length equal to the distance that light travels in one year 131 * through a vacuum (standard name <code>ly</code>). 132 */ 133 public static final Unit<Length> LIGHT_YEAR = addUnit(METRE.multiply(9.460528405e15), "Light year", "ly"); 134 135 /** 136 * A unit of length equal to <code>1852.0 m</code> (standard name 137 * <code>nmi</code>). 138 */ 139 public static final Unit<Length> NAUTICAL_MILE = addUnit(METER.multiply(1852), "Nautical mile", "nmi"); 140 141 ////////// 142 // Mass // 143 ////////// 144 145 /** 146 * A unit of mass equal to <code>453.59237 grams</code> (avoirdupois pound, 147 * standard name <code>lb</code>). 148 */ 149 public static final Unit<Mass> POUND = addUnit(KILOGRAM.multiply(45359237).divide(100000000), "Pound", "lb"); 150 // Messages.US_lb_name); 151 152 /** 153 * A unit of mass equal to <code>1 / 16 {@link #POUND}</code> (standard name 154 * <code>oz</code>). 155 */ 156 public static final Unit<Mass> OUNCE = addUnit(POUND.divide(16), "oz", true); 157 158 /** 159 * A unit of mass equal to <code>2000 {@link #POUND}</code> (short ton, 160 * standard name <code>ton</code>). 161 */ 162 public static final Unit<Mass> TON = addUnit(POUND.multiply(2000), "ton_us"); 163 164 ///////////////// 165 // Temperature // 166 ///////////////// 167 168 /** 169 * A unit of temperature equal to <code>5/9 °K</code> (standard name 170 * <code>°R</code>). 171 */ 172 public static final Unit<Temperature> RANKINE = addUnit(KELVIN.multiply(5).divide(9)); 173 174 /** 175 * A unit of temperature equal to degree Rankine minus 176 * <code>459.67 °R</code> (standard name <code>°F</code>). 177 * 178 * @see #RANKINE 179 */ 180 public static final Unit<Temperature> FAHRENHEIT = addUnit(RANKINE.shift(459.67), "°F"); 181 182 /////////// 183 // Angle // 184 /////////// 185 186 /** 187 * A unit of angle equal to a full circle or <code>2<i>π</i> 188 * {@link SI#RADIAN}</code> (standard name <code>rev</code>). 189 */ 190 public static final Unit<Angle> REVOLUTION = addUnit(RADIAN.multiply(2).multiply(Math.PI).asType(Angle.class), 191 "rev", true); 192 193 /** 194 * A unit of angle equal to <code>1/360 {@link #REVOLUTION}</code> (standard 195 * name <code>deg</code>). 196 */ 197 public static final Unit<Angle> DEGREE_ANGLE = addUnit(REVOLUTION.divide(360)); 198 199 /** 200 * A unit of angle equal to <code>1/60 {@link #DEGREE_ANGLE}</code> 201 * (standard name <code>'</code>). 202 */ 203 public static final Unit<Angle> MINUTE_ANGLE = addUnit(DEGREE_ANGLE.divide(60)); 204 205 /** 206 * A unit of angle equal to <code>1/60 {@link #MINUTE_ANGLE}</code> 207 * (standard name <code>"</code>). 208 */ 209 public static final Unit<Angle> SECOND_ANGLE = addUnit(MINUTE_ANGLE.divide(60)); 210 211 /** 212 * A unit of angle equal to <code>0.01 {@link SI#RADIAN}</code> (standard 213 * name <code>centiradian</code>). 214 */ 215 public static final Unit<Angle> CENTIRADIAN = addUnit(RADIAN.divide(100)); 216 217 /** 218 * A unit of angle measure equal to <code>1/400 {@link #REVOLUTION}</code> 219 * (standard name <code>grade</code> ). 220 */ 221 public static final Unit<Angle> GRADE = addUnit(REVOLUTION.divide(400)); 222 223 ////////////// 224 // Time // 225 ////////////// 226 /** 227 * A unit of time equal to <code>60 s</code> (standard name <code>min</code> 228 * ). 229 */ 230 public static final Unit<Time> MINUTE = addUnit(SECOND.multiply(60)); 231 232 /** 233 * A unit of duration equal to <code>60 {@link #MINUTE}</code> (standard 234 * name <code>h</code>). 235 */ 236 public static final Unit<Time> HOUR = addUnit(MINUTE.multiply(60)); 237 238 ////////////// 239 // Speed // 240 ////////////// 241 /** 242 * A unit of velocity expressing the number of {@link #FOOT feet} per 243 * {@link Units#SECOND second}. 244 */ 245 public static final Unit<Speed> FOOT_PER_SECOND = addUnit(FOOT.divide(SECOND)).asType(Speed.class); 246 247 /** 248 * A unit of velocity expressing the number of international {@link #MILE 249 * miles} per {@link #HOUR hour} (abbreviation <code>mph</code>). 250 */ 251 public static final Unit<Speed> MILE_PER_HOUR = addUnit(MILE.divide(HOUR).asType(Speed.class), "Mile per hour", 252 "mph"); 253 254 /** 255 * A unit of velocity expressing the number of {@link #NAUTICAL_MILE 256 * nautical miles} per {@link #HOUR hour} (abbreviation <code>kn</code>). 257 */ 258 public static final Unit<Speed> KNOT = addUnit(NAUTICAL_MILE.divide(HOUR).asType(Speed.class), "Knot", "kn"); 259 260 ////////// 261 // Area // 262 ////////// 263 264 /** 265 * A unit of area (standard name <code>sft</code> ). 266 */ 267 public static final Unit<Area> SQUARE_FOOT = addUnit(new ProductUnit<Area>((AbstractUnit<?>) FOOT.multiply(FOOT))); 268 269 /** 270 * A unit of area equal to <code>100 m²</code> (standard name <code>a</code> 271 * ). 272 */ 273 public static final Unit<Area> ARE = addUnit(SQUARE_METRE.multiply(100)); 274 275 /** 276 * A unit of area equal to <code>100 {@link #ARE}</code> (standard name 277 * <code>ha</code>). 278 */ 279 public static final Unit<Area> HECTARE = addUnit(ARE.multiply(100)); // Exact. 280 281 /** 282 * The acre is a unit of area used in the imperial and U.S. customary 283 * systems. It is equivalent to <code>43,560 square feet</code>. An acre is 284 * about 40% of a <code>HECTARE</code> – slightly smaller than an American 285 * football field. (standard name <code>ac</code> ). 286 * 287 * @see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre">Wikipedia: Acre</a> 288 */ 289 public static final Unit<Area> ACRE = addUnit(SQUARE_FOOT.multiply(43560)); 290 291 //////////// 292 // Energy // 293 //////////// 294 295 /** 296 * A unit of energy equal to one electron-volt (standard name 297 * <code>eV</code>, also recognized <code>keV, MeV, GeV</code>). 298 */ 299 public static final Unit<Energy> ELECTRON_VOLT = addUnit(JOULE.multiply(1.602176462e-19), "Electron Volt", "eV"); 300 301 //////////// 302 // Power // 303 //////////// 304 305 /** 306 * Horsepower (HP) is the name of several units of measurement of power. The 307 * most common definitions equal between 735.5 and 750 watts. Horsepower was 308 * originally defined to compare the output of steam engines with the power 309 * of draft horses. The unit was widely adopted to measure the output of 310 * piston engines, turbines, electric motors, and other machinery. The 311 * definition of the unit varied between geographical regions. Most 312 * countries now use the SI unit watt for measurement of power. With the 313 * implementation of the EU Directive 80/181/EEC on January 1, 2010, the use 314 * of horsepower in the EU is only permitted as supplementary unit. 315 */ 316 public static final Unit<Power> HORSEPOWER = addUnit(WATT.multiply(735.499), "Horsepower", "HP"); 317 318 //////////// 319 // Volume // 320 //////////// 321 /** 322 * A unit of volume equal to one cubic decimeter (default label 323 * <code>L</code>, also recognized <code>µL, mL, cL, dL</code>). 324 */ 325 public static final TransformedUnit<Volume> LITER = addUnit( 326 new TransformedUnit<Volume>(CUBIC_METRE, new RationalConverter(1, 1000))); 327 328 /** 329 * A unit of volume equal to one cubic inch (<code>in³</code>). 330 */ 331 public static final Unit<Volume> CUBIC_INCH = addUnit(INCH.pow(3).asType(Volume.class)); 332 333 /** 334 * A unit of volume equal to one US dry gallon. (standard name 335 * <code>gallon_dry_us</code>). 336 */ 337 public static final Unit<Volume> GALLON_DRY = addUnit(CUBIC_INCH.multiply(2688025).divide(10000)); 338 339 /** 340 * The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of 341 * volume, used in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. It is 342 * defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in 343 * length. Its volume is 28.3168 liters or about 1⁄35 of a cubic meter. ( 344 * <code>ft³</code>). 345 */ 346 public static final Unit<Volume> CUBIC_FOOT = addUnit(CUBIC_INCH.multiply(1728), "ft³", true); 347 348 /** 349 * An acre-foot is a unit of volume commonly used in the United States in 350 * reference to large-scale water resources, such as reservoirs, aqueducts, 351 * canals, sewer flow capacity, irrigation water, and river flows. 352 */ 353 public static final Unit<Volume> ACRE_FOOT = addUnit(CUBIC_FOOT.multiply(43560), "Acre-foot", "ac ft"); 354 355 /** 356 * A unit of volume equal to one US gallon, Liquid Unit. The U.S. liquid 357 * gallon is based on the Queen Anne or Wine gallon occupying 231 cubic 358 * inches (standard name <code>gal</code>). 359 */ 360 public static final Unit<Volume> GALLON_LIQUID = addUnit(CUBIC_INCH.multiply(231)); 361 362 /** 363 * A unit of volume equal to <code>1 / 128 {@link #GALLON_LIQUID}</code> 364 * (standard name <code>oz_fl</code>). 365 */ 366 public static final Unit<Volume> FLUID_OUNCE = addUnit(GALLON_LIQUID.divide(128)); 367 368 /** 369 * A unit of volume equal to 4 US oz_fl (standard name <code>liq.gi</code>). 370 */ 371 public static final Unit<Volume> GILL_LIQUID = addUnit(FLUID_OUNCE.multiply(4), "Liquid Gill", "liq.gi"); 372 373 /** 374 * A unit of volume <code>~ 1 drop or 0.95 grain of water </code> (standard 375 * name <code>min</code>). 376 */ 377 public static final Unit<Volume> MINIM = addUnit(MICRO(LITER).multiply(61.61152d)); 378 379 /** 380 * A unit of volume equal to <code>60 {@link #MINIM}</code> (standard name 381 * <code>fl dr</code>). 382 */ 383 public static final Unit<Volume> FLUID_DRAM = addUnit(MINIM.multiply(60)); 384 385 /** 386 * The cup is a unit of measurement for volume, used in cooking to measure 387 * liquids (fluid measurement) and bulk foods such as granulated sugar (dry 388 * measurement). A cup is equal to <code>8 {@link #FLUID_OUNCE}</code> 389 * (standard name <code>cup</code>). 390 */ 391 public static final Unit<Volume> CUP = addUnit(FLUID_OUNCE.multiply(8)); 392 393 /** 394 * A unit of volume equal to <code>80 {@link #MINIM}</code> (standard name 395 * <code>tsp</code>). 396 */ 397 public static final Unit<Volume> TEASPOON = addUnit(MINIM.multiply(80)); 398 399 /** 400 * A unit of volume equal to <code>3 {@link #TEASPOON}</code> (standard name 401 * <code>Tbsp</code>). 402 */ 403 public static final Unit<Volume> TABLESPOON = addUnit(TEASPOON.multiply(3)); 404 405 /** 406 * A unit of volume equal to <code>238.4810 {@link #LITER}</code> (standard 407 * name <code>bbl</code>). 408 */ 409 public static final Unit<Volume> BARREL = addUnit(LITER.multiply(238.4810d), "Barrel", "bbl"); 410 411 /** 412 * A unit of volume equal to <code>4 {@link #GILL_LIQUID}</code> (standard 413 * name <code>pt</code>). 414 */ 415 public static final Unit<Volume> PINT = addUnit(GILL_LIQUID.multiply(4), "Pint", "pt"); 416 417 /** 418 * Holds the international foot: 0.3048 m exact. 419 */ 420 // private static final int INTERNATIONAL_FOOT_DIVIDEND = 3048; 421 422 // private static final int INTERNATIONAL_FOOT_DIViSOR = 10000; 423 424 /** 425 * Adds a new unit to the collection. 426 * 427 * @param unit 428 * the unit being added. 429 * @return <code>unit</code>. 430 */ 431 protected static <U extends Unit<?>> U addUnit(U unit) { 432 INSTANCE.units.add(unit); 433 return unit; 434 } 435 436 @Override 437 public String getName() { 438 return SYSTEM_NAME; 439 } 440 441 /** 442 * Adds a new unit not mapped to any specified quantity type and puts a text 443 * as symbol or label. 444 * 445 * @param unit 446 * the unit being added. 447 * @param name 448 * the string to use as name 449 * @param text 450 * the string to use as label or symbol 451 * @param isLabel 452 * if the string should be used as a label or not 453 * @return <code>unit</code>. 454 */ 455 private static <U extends Unit<?>> U addUnit(U unit, String name, String text, boolean isLabel) { 456 if (isLabel) { 457 SimpleUnitFormat.getInstance().label(unit, text); 458 } 459 if (name != null && unit instanceof AbstractUnit) { 460 return Helper.addUnit(INSTANCE.units, unit, name); 461 } else { 462 INSTANCE.units.add(unit); 463 } 464 return unit; 465 } 466 467 /** 468 * Adds a new unit not mapped to any specified quantity type and puts a text 469 * as symbol or label. 470 * 471 * @param unit 472 * the unit being added. 473 * @param name 474 * the string to use as name 475 * @param label 476 * the string to use as label 477 * @return <code>unit</code>. 478 */ 479 private static <U extends Unit<?>> U addUnit(U unit, String name, String label) { 480 return addUnit(unit, name, label, true); 481 } 482 483 /** 484 * Adds a new unit not mapped to any specified quantity type and puts a text 485 * as symbol or label. 486 * 487 * @param unit 488 * the unit being added. 489 * @param text 490 * the string to use as label or symbol 491 * @param isLabel 492 * if the string should be used as a label or not 493 * @return <code>unit</code>. 494 */ 495 private static <U extends Unit<?>> U addUnit(U unit, String text, boolean isLabel) { 496 return addUnit(unit, null, text, isLabel); 497 } 498 499 /** 500 * Adds a new unit not mapped to any specified quantity type and puts a text 501 * as label. 502 * 503 * @param unit 504 * the unit being added. 505 * @param text 506 * the string to use as label or symbol 507 * @return <code>unit</code>. 508 */ 509 private static <U extends Unit<?>> U addUnit(U unit, String text) { 510 return addUnit(unit, null, text, true); 511 } 512}